This article accompanies
Alice's Mirrors



I Wish I Were a Man

In any discussion of war recruitment posters, those produced by Howard Chandler Christy for the US Navy in World War I are among the most interesting, at turns flirty and then playing on male insecurities: "Be a Man!" His best one, from 1917, is this gender-bender:

Henry Fielding (of Tom Jones fame) anonymously published a satirical pamphlet The Female Husband in 1746. It was based on a true story about a woman, Mary Hamilton, who lived as a man and had a number of lesbian marriages. One bride eventually caught on (ya think?) and Mary was convicted of fraud, not sexual immorality, let alone bigamy. She was punished with six months in prison and a public whipping. Fielding reveled in it as a pot-boiler and later it became a salacious play - the image below is from around 1810-15:

Reversing the gender-bending, there was the French diplomat and spy, the Chevalier d'Eon (Charles de Beaumont), who lived the first half of his life as a man, and the second half as a woman (c.f. Virginia Woolf's Orlando). In 1787 he fought the equally famous French "mulatto" Chevalier de Saint-Georges in a duel in London, probably to raise money. Whether he was dressed as a woman or a man, the cartoonists had a field day with it. Apparently "she" cheated but "he" won the duel.

For more gender-benders - try Tiresias who was both genders, or these chapters Pope Joan and George Sand and "Lili" at the bottom of this page. Below is an old favorite - a pulp fiction book cover from 1959 when this genre was flourishing:

Then there are the Borghese statues of Hermaphroditus, like this one in the Louvre, which is said to be a Roman copy of the 2nd century CE after a Hellenistic original of the 2nd century BC: